{"id":5349,"date":"2026-09-30T04:52:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T04:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/?p=5349"},"modified":"2026-09-30T04:56:19","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T04:56:19","slug":"buc-xa-tu-ngoai-va-co-che-quang-hoa-bao-ve-trai-dat-cua-khi-quyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/buc-xa-tu-ngoai-va-co-che-quang-hoa-bao-ve-trai-dat-cua-khi-quyen.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 T\u1eed Ngo\u1ea1i V\u00e0 C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Quang H\u00f3a B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Kh\u00ed Quy\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"post-content\">\n<header><span style=\"font-size: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';\">B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ecdi chu tr\u00ecnh sinh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quang ph\u1ed5 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn hay b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i mang nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang theo m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i (Ultraviolet &#8211; UV) c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon c\u1ef1c cao. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 quang h\u00f3a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i s\u00f3ng UV c\u00f9ng chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang h\u00f3a Chapman l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n<section>\n<h2>1. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i (UV)<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 10 nm \u0111\u1ebfn 400 nm, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tia X. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c quang sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) c\u00f9ng \u1ee6y ban Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (CIE) chia ph\u1ed5 UV th\u00e0nh ba d\u1ea3i s\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>UV-A (315 nm &#8211; 400 nm):<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (~3.10 &#8211; 3.94 eV).<\/li>\n<li><strong>UV-B (280 nm &#8211; 315 nm):<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon trung b\u00ecnh (~3.94 &#8211; 4.43 eV).<\/li>\n<li><strong>UV-C (100 nm &#8211; 280 nm):<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i (~4.43 &#8211; 12.4 eV).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t photon t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Planck kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f8fafc; border-left: 4px solid #0284c7; padding: 16px; margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; font-size: 1.15rem;\"><strong><i>E<\/i> = (<i>h<\/i> \u00d7 <i>c<\/i>) \/ \u03bb<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><i>E<\/i>:<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t photon (Joule).<\/li>\n<li><strong><i>h<\/i>:<\/strong> H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Planck (6.626 \u00d7 10<sup>-34<\/sup> J\u00b7s).<\/li>\n<li><strong><i>c<\/i>:<\/strong> T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (3 \u00d7 10<sup>8<\/sup> m\/s).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03bb (lambda):<\/strong> B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng photon (m).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t, <strong>UV-C<\/strong> mang m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t photon v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n ly c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (C-C, C-H, O-H). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 <strong>UV-B<\/strong>, d\u1ea3i s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a axit nucleic. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, <strong>UV-A<\/strong> s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ion h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, song c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 do n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>2. Chu tr\u00ecnh Chapman: C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y quang h\u00f3a h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1edbp ch\u1eafn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u1edf t\u1ea7ng b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u (\u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 35 km) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn t\u0129nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc quang h\u00f3a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadt l\u00fd Sydney Chapman m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 4 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i quang n\u0103ng nguy h\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 1: Ph\u00e2n ly quang h\u00f3a oxy ph\u00e2n t\u1eed (H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 UV-C)<\/h3>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 30 km, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy (O<sub>2<\/sub>) h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c photon UV-C c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u03bb &lt; 242 nm. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1ebb g\u00e3y li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (O=O), gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy t\u1ef1 do mang ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh cao:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px; background-color: #f1f5f9;\">O<sub>2<\/sub> + <i>h\u03bd<\/i> (\u03bb &lt; 242 nm) \u2192 2O<sup>\u2022<\/sup><\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 2: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ozon (O<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c g\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O<sup>\u2022<\/sup> v\u1eeba sinh ra c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O<sub>2<\/sub> d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 ba M (M th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 N<sub>2<\/sub> ho\u1eb7c O<sub>2<\/sub>, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px; background-color: #f1f5f9;\">O<sup>\u2022<\/sup> + O<sub>2<\/sub> + M \u2192 O<sub>3<\/sub> + M + Nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 3: Quang ph\u00e2n ly ozon (H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc UV-B)<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O<sub>3<\/sub> c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O<sub>2<\/sub>. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, O<sub>3<\/sub> c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c photon UV-B (b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 240 nm \u0111\u1ebfn 315 nm):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px; background-color: #f1f5f9;\">O<sub>3<\/sub> + <i>h\u03bd<\/i> (d\u1ea3i UV-B) \u2192 O<sub>2<\/sub> + O<sup>\u2022<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Trong chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u1ea5m t\u1ea7ng b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu k\u1ef3 quang h\u00f3a tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh <a title=\"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng ozon \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\" href=\"https:\/\/yeuhoahoc.com\/vai-tro-cua-tang-ozon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng ozon<\/a> trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh quy\u1ec3n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 4: T\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng (Steady-state), m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ozon s\u1ebd t\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy t\u1ef1 do:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px; background-color: #f1f5f9;\">O<sub>3<\/sub> + O<sup>\u2022<\/sup> \u2192 2O<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng: L\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch UV-C, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng UV-B<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t che ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 16px 0; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #0f172a; color: #ffffff;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">D\u1ea3i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 sinh h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>UV-C<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">100 &#8211; 280 nm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>100%<\/strong> (Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O<sub>2<\/sub> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ee9c th\u00ec, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>UV-B<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">280 &#8211; 315 nm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>95% \u2013 99%<\/strong> (Ch\u1ec9 1\u20135% l\u1ecdt qua)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed O<sub>3<\/sub> t\u1ea7ng b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">T\u1ea1o dimer thymine tr\u00ean DNA, g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 da, \u0111\u1ee5c th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>UV-A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">315 &#8211; 400 nm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>&lt; 5%<\/strong> (G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">R\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">L\u00e3o h\u00f3a da, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y collagen m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua g\u1ed1c oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 do<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nh\u1edd c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, d\u1ea3i s\u00f3ng s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 UV-C b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 35 km. D\u1ea3i s\u00f3ng UV-B nguy hi\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Vitamin D \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>4. \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gradient nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea7ng b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u<\/h2>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m phin l\u1ecdc quang ph\u1ed5, chu tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201312 km), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao (trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m 6.5\u00b0C cho m\u1ed7i 1.000 m\u00e9t) do ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u, quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: <strong>nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong>, t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng -55\u00b0C \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00ean x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 0\u00b0C t\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 quang h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a O<sub>3<\/sub> chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t. Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<footer>\n<h2><strong>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua chu tr\u00ecnh quang h\u00f3a oxy &#8211; ozon kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n. Thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng l\u1edbp l\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd &#8211; h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u1edf t\u1ea7ng b\u00ecnh l\u01b0u, m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ecdi chu tr\u00ecnh sinh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quang ph\u1ed5 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn hay b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i mang nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang theo m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i (Ultraviolet &#8211; UV) &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-huu-ich"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5349"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5355,"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5349\/revisions\/5355"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azan.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}